Plants use two different photosynthetic routes, the C₃ and C₄ pathways, to fix carbon dioxide and make sugars. Their early handling of CO2 and the following stages of the Calvin cycle are where they diverge most. In the Calvin cycle, C₃ plants, such as rice and wheat, immediately fix CO2 into a three-carbon molecule (3-PGA). […]
The molecular counterpart of a good friend with a bad habit is RuBP oxygenase-carboxylase, also known as rubisco, an essential enzyme in photosynthesis. During the first step of the Calvin cycle, rubisco adds carbon dioxide (CO2) to an organic molecule as part of the carbon fixation process. Because rubisco is so essential to plants, it
There are two centrioles in every vertebrate cell. They support the cell while it divides. They function throughout the meiotic and mitotic processes. While they are absent from many fungi, angiosperms (flowering plants), and pinophyta (conifers), they may be present in some lower plants, such as Chlamydomonas. When the cell is not dividing, they are
Definition of Eukaryotic Cells “Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles are known as eukaryotic cells.” A Eukaryotic Cell: What Is It? Large, sophisticated creatures are formed by eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus encased in a nuclear membrane. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, mammals, fungi, and protozoa. They fall under the Eukaryotic kingdom.
A) The Tissue System We were discussing types of tissues based on the types of cells present. Let us now consider how tissues vary depending on their location in the plant body. Their structure and function would also be dependent on location. On the basis of their structure and location, there are three types of
A cell envelope: what is it? The cell membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane, if any, combine to form the cell envelope. This envelope is typically seen in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It includes a bacterium’s inner and outer cell walls. The cell’s structural integrity is provided by the cell envelope. It defends the cell
Animal tissues are made up of the collection of animal cells. The origin, function, and structure of these tissues vary. Animal tissues are classified as muscular, connective, neurological, and epithelial. Let’s take a closer look at each kind of animal tissue. Animal Tissue Types: The four primary categories of animal tissues are muscular, connective, neurological,
Animals are eukaryotic, multi cellular, phyla belonging to the Animal Kingdom. Each animal has its own unique characteristics. They obtain their energy by consuming food from plants or other animals. Millions of species have been identified; very few species have similar characteristics, while others vary widely. Classification of the animal kingdom Animals are classified based
The scientific discipline that studies the shape and structure of objects is called morphology. The roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits are all parts of a flowering plant’s morphology, regardless of the plant you choose. Let us take a closer look at the notes on flowering plants and their morphology. Blooming Plants There are 300,000
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants Read More »
জিমনোস্পার্মের সংজ্ঞা :- জিমনোস্পার্ম হল উদ্ভিদের একটি দল যা ডিম্বাশয় বা ফলের মধ্যে আবদ্ধ নয় এমন বীজ উৎপাদন করে। জিমনোস্পার্ম কী ? জিমনোস্পার্ম” শব্দটি গ্রীক শব্দ “জিমনোস” (নগ্ন) এবং “স্পর্মা” (বীজ) থেকে এসেছে, তাই এটি “নগ্ন বীজ” নামে পরিচিত। জিমনোস্পার্ম হল বীজ উৎপাদনকারী উদ্ভিদ, কিন্তু অ্যাঞ্জিওস্পার্মগুলির বিপরীতে, তারা ফল ছাড়াই বীজ উৎপাদন করে। এই উদ্ভিদগুলি